Please note
The information in these tables is only a guide – the information is drawn from many references, and only some of them are refereed technical articles based on data. Also, the measures of salinity and waterlogging are sometimes in situations unlikely to be experienced in the field.
The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development recommends that any dryland salinity management is part of a whole farm, and preferably a whole catchment, water management plan.
What is salinity tolerance?
The short answer is, the tolerance of a plant to levels of salt in the soil water. However, it can get complicated, as salts will affect plants in different ways, based on many factors:
- salinity of irrigation water (see Water salinity and plant irrigation for mre information)
- salinity of soil (see Measuring soil salinity on this site for more information)
- soil moisture (as saline soils dry the apparent salinity rises)
- wind-borne salt spray
- salinity of groundwater and depth to the watertable (in summer and winter)
- soil type
- interaction with waterlogging (see Diagnosing waterlogging in south-west Western Australia for more information)
- timing and amount of rain
- temperature and evaporation stress
- stage of growth of the plant.
Some of the references below estimate salt tolerance from salinity of water used to irrigate seedlings, and this makes comparison with soil salinity difficult. The 'best' information in the tables is based on measurement of soil salinity around plants growing in the field, however, this type of information is rare.
What is waterlogging tolerance?
The short answer is, the tolerance of a plant to saturated soil in the root zone. However, the term commonly covers flooding, inundation, and ponding in addition to a saturated root zone. Waterlogging result from rising watertables, flooding, and heavy rainfall or irrigation where surface infiltration is greater than the subsoil drainage.
Waterlogging will affect plants in dufferent ways, based on many factors:
- the period of waterlogging
- whether the soil water is stagnant or moving
- growth stage of the plant
- nutrient status of the plant.
See Diagnosing waterlogging in south-west Western Australia for more information.
Measuring salinity
All measurements are expressed as electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste (ECe) unless stated otherwise. All salinity units are in milliSiemens per meter (mS/m). See Measuring salinity for the reason that this measure and units are use, and for more information and conversion to other measures and units.
We recommend that you check each reference for the actual salinity measure and units recorded against a species.
Plants in this list
Some exotic (not Australian) tree and shrub species are included in the lists, but these are not recommended for revegetation intended to have natural diversity values in Western Australia. Some of the exotic species and species from other regions of Australia (marked with *) are known environmental weeds.
For most plants in these lists, links from the proper names take you to FloraBase, the database of Western Australian flora. Where FloraBase does not contain the species, the links go to other credible sites.
Categories of salinity tolerance used in these tables
- Plants tolerant of extremely saline sites (ECe >1600 mS/m or 16 dS/m)
- Plants tolerant of very saline sites (ECe 800–1600 mS/m)
- Plants tolerant of moderately saline sites (ECe 400–800 mS/m)
- Plants tolerant of slightly saline sites (ECe 200–400 mS/m)
- Plants tolerant of non-saline sites (ECe < 200 mS/m)
- References used to develop tables of salt tolerant plants.
Table 1 Plants tolerant of extremely saline sites (ECe >1600 mS/m)
| Proper Name | Common name | Growth habit | Reference/s and comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| salt wattle | shrub | (2) (32) records good performance to >2000 mS/m ECe | |
| coastal wattle | shrub | Severe to extreme tolerance (2, 3, 12) Sensitive to waterlogging. | |
| river coobah, river myall | (2, 14, 17) (22) Gives range of 1500–2500 mS/m. (25) suggests moderate or very salt tolerant and moderate waterlogging tolerance. | ||
| river saltbush | shrub | (21, 22, 24) Reports tolerance to 2500–5000 mS/m on alkaline duplex soils, and up to 3800 mS/m on medium to heavy clays. Reputed to be slightly more salt tolerant, and more waterlogging tolerant than other Atriplex species. (25) Moderate waterlogging tolerance. (31) found that the subsoil ECe (95% confidence interval) associated with ‘good survival’ was 700–1100 mS/m. Halophyte | |
| silver saltbush | shrub | (24). Sensitive to waterlogging. Halophyte. | |
| grey saltbush | shrub | (21) Moderate waterlogging tolerance (24). (25) says moderate waterlogging tolerance. Halophyte. | |
| quailbrush | shrub | (22) Reports tolerance to 2500–5000 mS/m on alkaline duplex soils, and up to 3800 mS/m on medium to heavy clays. Low waterlogging tolerance. Halophyte. | |
| shrub | (22) Reports tolerance in subtropical and tropical areas of up to 3800 mS/m on medium to heavy clays. Halophyte. | ||
| old man saltbush | shrub | (21) Low waterlogging tolerance (24). (25) suggests moderate to very salt tolerant. Halophyte. | |
| marsh saltbush | shrub | Halophyte | |
| creeping saltbush | herbaceous shrub | (26). Halophyte. | |
| wavy-leafed saltbush | shrub | (22) Reports tolerance to 2500–5000 mS/m on alkaline duplex soils. Moderate waterlogging tolerance(24). (25) Halophyte | |
| bladder saltbush | shrub | (26) Halophyte | |
| grey buloke | tree | Not native to Western Australia. Can be an aggressive weed, and is not recommended. | |
| salt sheoak, swamp sheoak | tree | (2). (6) suggests EM38 of greater than 150 mS/m. (8, 9, 20) (27). High waterlogging tolerance. (37) | |
| (15) | |||
| swamp paperbark | tree | (4). (2, 14, 15, 17) (22) Gives range of 1500–2500 mS/m. (29). WA observation is that it should be in a less tolerant category (P. White pers. comm.) | |
| Melaleuca lateriflora | gorada | shrub | (2, 4, 5) Can grow with M. atroviridis, M. scalena, M. hamata. WA observations are that this is highly salt and waterlogging tolerant, similar to M. thyoides tolerance. |
| scale-leaf honey myrtle | shrub | ||
| saltwater couch | grass | (19, 24) Very high waterlogging tolerance, low drought tolerance. Needs summer moisture. (31) found that the subsoil ECe (95% confidence interval) associated with ‘good survival’ was 600–1600 mS/m | |
| puccinellia | perennial grass | (19, 21, 24) Moderate waterlogging tolerance. (24) Reports tolerance to 2500–5000 mS/m on alkaline duplex soils. | |
| Salicornia spp. (S. quinqueflora) | glasswort, samphire | herbaceous shrub | (16) Combined salt and waterlogging tolerance is particularly high. Halophyte. |
| marine couch | perennial grass | (16). (24) Reports tolerance to 2500–5000 mS/m on alkaline duplex soils and wet sites. | |
| Tecticornia spp. | samphire | herbaceous perennial | (1, 16, 21) Combined waterlogging and salt tolerance is particularly high. (31) found that depth to the saline watertable in summer for good growth and survival was 0.7–1.0 m and subsoil ECe of 2700–6500 mS/m. |
Table 2 Plants tolerant of very saline sites (ECe 800–1600 mS/m)
| Proper name | Common name | Growth habit | References and comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| dwarf myall | shrub or small tree | (12) Good waterlogging tolerance | |
| salt wattle | shrub or small tree | (2) | |
|
| |||
| coastal wattle | shrub or small tree | ||
| umbrella bush | (14) | ||
|
| (12). FloraBase indicates that it is found on slightly saline soils. Not readily available. | ||
| wirilda | (2). Waterlogging tolerant. | ||
| coobah, willow wattle | shrub or small tree | (2, 13) suckers and could be invasive. (25) suggests moderate salinity tolerance and low waterlogging tolerance. | |
| golden wreath wattle | shrub or small tree | (2) Puts this into 400–800 mS/m. (3). (6) suggests EM38 of 100–150 mS/m. (12). Moderate waterlogging tolerance. Variation in provenances. (25) | |
| horsetail sheoak | tree | (30) | |
|
| tree | (7). Similar tolerance to Casuarina obesa and Casuarina glauca. | |
| salt lake mallee | tree | (2). (4, 16) suggest extremely tolerant. (27) Low waterlogging tolerance. | |
|
|
| ||
| Kondinin blackbutt | tree
| (2). (9, 10) Suggests tolerance in moderate to very saline sites. (14, 15). Low waterloging tolerance. (25) | |
| flat-topped yate | tree | (2). (6) suggests EM38 of less than 200 mS/m. (9) (14) (15) (17) Wet or dry sites. (22) Range of 1500–2500 mS/m. Very waterlogging tolerant. (25). Provenance variation. | |
|
| tree | (2) suggests moderate tolerance. (20) suggests very tolerant or higher.. | |
| Salt River gum, Sargent's mallee | tree | (34) observes that salinity tolerance is well known in the field. | |
| Eucalyptus sargentii subsp. onesis | Mortlock River mallee | (34) suggests revegetation on saline sites based on observed survival where salinity has increased. | |
| swamp mallet | tree | (2). (6) suggests EM38 of 100–150 mS/m. (8, 9, 14). Good waterlogging tolerance. (25) suggests low waterlogging tolerance. WA observations are that this species is moderately waterlogging tolerant. | |
| needle bush | shrub or small tree | Often seen on the margins of salt tlakes. Is reported to be moderately tolerant of waterlogging, salt and lakaline soils. Often seen as the shrub or tree layer over Atriplex bunburyana, especially on gypsum dunes adjacent to salt lakes. | |
| swamp paperbark, saltwater paperbark | tree | (2). (6) suggests EM38 of greater than 150 mS/m. (10) suggests extremely tolerant. High waterlogging tolerance. (25) | |
| cross-leaf honey myrtle | shrub | (2, 13, 14, 17). Waterlogging tolerant. (25) suggests low to moderate salinity tolerance. | |
|
| shrub | (11) (25). WA observation from extensive plantings is that this species has low waterlogging tolerance and moderate salinity tolerance | |
| Rottnest Island tea tree, moonah | shrub | (2, 6, 13, 17). Needs well drained site. (25) suggest low to moderate salinity tolerance. In WA the species is not usually on saline soils, but is tolerant of windblown salt (coastal). | |
| cadjeput, long-leaved paperbark | tree | (2) (32). Waterlogging tolerant. Good growth at 1200–2000 mS/m ECe | |
| scented paperbark | (2) | ||
| Melaleuca thyoides | saltlake honey myrtle | shrub | (36) suggests very high tolerance of salt levels and salt plus waterlogging. (35) says 'An easily grown mid storey shrub that is useful on a range of saline waterbodies. Very salt tolerant and moderately waterlogging and drought tolerant.' |
| Phoenix dactylifera | date palm | Yaish and Kumar (2015) report tolerances of 900–1280 mS/m. Kharusi et al (2017) report soil tolerances of up to 2400 mS/m. Alhammadi and Kurup (2012) report seedlings surviving up to 1280 mS/m. Cultivars differ in their tolerance of salt level. | |
| athel pine, tamarisk | shrub or tree | (25). Moderate waterlogging tolerance. Tamarix aphylla is a weed of national (Australian) significance. |
Table 3 Plants tolerant of moderately saline sites (ECe 400–800 mS/m)
| Proper name | Common name | Growth habit | References and comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| spine wattle | Shrub | (12) | |
| Merrall's wattle | (12) Sensitive to waterlogging | ||
| weeping myall | (17) | ||
| Prain's wattle | (12) | ||
| vanilla wattle | Large shrub | Ravensthorpe source. (3, 12) Tolerance varies with seed source. WA observations are that this species can be very tolerant of saline sites and is waterlogging tolerant. | |
| buloke | tree | (2) | |
| drooping sheoak | |||
| river bottlebrush | shrub | (17) | |
| lesser bottlebrush | shrub | (11). WA observations are that this species grows wher there is access to water but may not be waterlogging tolerant. | |
| black oak, belah | shrub or small tree | ||
| belah | shrub or small tree | West Australian subsp. | |
| river sheoak | tree | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of 100–150 mS/m. (17, 20). Very waterlogging tolerant. (25) suggests moderate salinity tolerance. | |
| Rhodes grass | perennial grass | (19, 22) Field observations in WA suggest higher tolerance than older references. (31) found that the subsoil ECe (95% confidence interval) associated with ‘good survival’ was 500–1400 mS/m. | |
| Eucalyptus alipes | Hyden mallet | mallet | WA observations are that has moderate to high salinity tolerance and may be tolerant of periodic flooding. Suggested as a replacement species for E. mimica, occupies a similar landscape position to E. spathulata |
| Eucalyptus phenax (syn. E. anceps) |
| mallee | (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). Usually on well drained sites. |
| narrow-leaved mallee | tree | (2) suggests slight tolerance. (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). Needs well drained soils. | |
| brown mallet | tree | (2). (6) suggests EM38 of less than 50mS/m (non-saline). (16) Seed source critical. (27). WA observations are that this species can have moderate to low waterlogging tolerance depending on provenance. | |
| Eucalyptus comitae-vallis (Syn. Eucalyptus brachycorys) | Cowcowing mallee, Comet Vale mallee | tree | (9) |
| river red gum | tree | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of 50–100 mS/m (slightly-saline) for Lake Albacutya provenance, and 100–150 for other lines. (8). (9) Suggests lower tolerance. (14, 15). (17, 20) Suggests higher tolerance. Provenance critical. (25). High waterlogging tolerance. Note that provenances occur across Australia and vary considerably in tolerance to salt and waterlogging. | |
| silver gimlet | tree | (2). (14) suggests very tolerant of salinity. (25) low waterlogging tolerance. | |
| two-winged gimlet | tree | (9) Suggest higher tolerance. (25) low waterlogging tolerance | |
| salt mallee | mallee | ||
|
| tree | (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). This rating is from limited WA field observations. | |
| tuart | tree | (2). Slight waterlogging tolerance. (25) suggests slightly tolerant of salinity, and low waterlogging tolerance. | |
| black box, river box | tree | (2, 13, 17) Wet or dry sites. (25) suggests slightly salt tolerant and moderately waterlogging tolerant. | |
|
|
| ||
| Goldfields blackbutt | tree | (14, 15). WA experience is that this has limited waterlogging tolerance. | |
| South Australian blue gum, yellow gum | tree | (2) 4 named subsp. and highly variable: subsp. leucoxylon, subsp. pruinosa, subsp. stephaniae, subsp. megalocarpa. Provenance critical. (25) | |
| Eucalyptus petiolaris (Syn. Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. petiolaris) | Eyre Peninsula blue gum | tree | (15) |
| smooth barked York gum | mallee | WA observations are that this species might have limited waterlogging tolerance and low to moderate salinity tolerance. | |
| York gum | tree | (2) suggests slight tolerance. (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline) (9, 14). (25) suggests slight salinity tolerance and low waterlogging tolerance. (9) found tolerance to <1000 mS/m. WA experience is moderate waterlogging tolerance. (33) says not tolerant waterlogging but some provenances are moderately salt tolerant | |
| Eucalyptus melliodora* | yellow box | tree | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of 50–100 mS/m (slightly saline). (20) |
| Eucalyptus microcarpa* | grey box | tree | |
|
| mallet | Mallet from Newdegate area (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). Very small distribution and seed may be hard to source. In the E. spathulata group. | |
| Eucalyptus moluccana* | grey box | tree | |
|
| mallee | Commonly observed adjacent to saline drainage lines and depressions and seasonally wet flats (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). | |
| Boorabbin mallee | large mallee | (8) Sensitive to waterlogging (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). | |
| round-leaved moort | small tree | May in the past have been confused with E. platypus and E. utilis (syn. E. platypus var. heterophylla | |
| Eucalyptus polybractea* | blue mallee | tree | |
| saltlake mallee | tree | (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA, from field observations) | |
| Eucalyptus robusta* | swamp mahogany | tree | (2) (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline) (9, 17, 20) |
| flooded gum | tree | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline). (9) found tolerance to <1000 mS/m. | |
| salt gum | tree | (2) (23) suggests low waterlogging tolerance, and very high tolerance of salinity. | |
| Strickland's gum | tree | (25) low waterlogging tolerance. | |
| Eucalyptus tereticornis* | forest red gum | tree | (2). (22) Suggests higher tolerance. Moderate waterlogging tolerance. |
| Eucalyptus utilis syn. E. platypus var. heterophylla | coastal moort | small tree | (2) Suggests tolerance to very saline conditions. (5) suggests EM38 of 50–100 mS/m (slightly saline). (9) found tolerance >3000 mS/m. Moderate waterlogging tolerance. (25) suggests low waterlogging tolerance. |
|
| mallee | Mallee form of E. gardneri (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). Florabase and (34) refer to salt drainage lines and seasonally wet flats. | |
| Ongerup mallee | mallee | Syn E. spathulata subsp. grandiflora (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). (5) suggests EM38 of 100–150 mS/m. | |
| wandoo | tree | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of 50–100 mS/m (slightly saline). (10). Seed source important. (9) found tolerance less than 1000 mS/m. Other species looking like and also called 'wandoo' have different tolerance to salinity. | |
| Festuca arundinacea* | tall fescue | perennial grass | |
| Hordeum vulgare* | barley 6-row | annual grass | (23, 24). Some references suggest much higher tolerances, but field measurements do not. |
| Lagunaria patersonii* | Norfolk Island hibiscus | shrub or tree | |
| Lolium perenne* | perennial ryegrass | grass | (22) |
| small leaf bluebush | herbaceous shrub | (21). (31) found that the subsoil ECe (95% confidence interval) associated with ‘good survival’ was 600–1100 mS/m | |
| mallee honey myrtle, broombush | shrub | (11). Common on low lying flats which are subject to waterlogging and salinity | |
| bracelet honey myrtle | shrub | (2, 17) Needs well drained site. (25) suggests low salinity tolerance and moderate waterlogging tolerance. WA observations are that it needs well drained sites and very low salinity. | |
| brushwood | large shrub | This is the most common form of brushwood in lower lying areas around playa lakes in the wheatbelt which would have been grouped under Melaleuca uncinata | |
| river teatree | shrub | (2) | |
| mallee honey myrtle | shrub | (11). (25) suggests higher salt tolerance, and moderate waterlogging tolerance. | |
| Melaleuca dealbata |
| (32) records good growth at 400–800 mS/m ECe | |
| Melaleuca ericifolia* | swamp paperbark | (2, 17). (25) suggests low to moderate salinity tolerance and high waterlogging tolerance. | |
|
| (2, 5). Can grow with M. atroviridis, M. scalena, M. hamata. WA observations are that this is highly salt and waterlogging tolerant, similar to M. thyoides tolerance. | ||
| narrow-leaved paperbark | (2) | ||
|
| (13) | ||
| Melaleuca quinquinervia* | five-veined paperbark | (2) | |
| swamp paperbark | tree | (5) suggests EM38 of 100–150mS/m. | |
| Melaleuca styphelioides* | prickly-leaved paperbark | ||
| broombush | shrub | (2) Highly variable taxon. Variable tolerance. (25) suggests low to moderate salinity tolerance and moderate waterlogging tolerance. | |
| Eremophila deserti syn. Myoporum desertii | turkey bush | (13) | |
| blueberry tree, boobialla | (6) | ||
| Pinus pinaster* | maritime pine | tree | (2). (6) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline). Low waterlogging tolerance. Slight waterlogging tolerance. |
| Pinus radiata* | Monterey pine, radiata pine | tree | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline). Low waterlogging tolerance. |
| native apricot | shrub or small tree | (6). (25) suggests low to moderate salinity tolerance and low waterlogging tolerance. WA experience is moderate waterlogging tolerance. | |
| Sorghum bicolor* | sorghum | annual grass | Suggest soil threshold of ECe 680 mS/m with rapid productivity fall-off with increasing salinity. Australian field measurements (ex NDSP) suggest much lower tolerance with ECe 200–300 mS/m. |
| Thinopyrum ponticum* syn. T. elongatum | tall wheat grass | perennial grass | (19, 21, 24) Moderate waterlogging tolerance.Tolerance may be higher (25) |
| Trifolium michelianum* | balansa clover | annual legume | (19) Syn. T. balansae. Highly tolerant of waterlogging. Some references suggest much higher tolerance (24) |
| Trifolium resupinatum* | Persian clover | anual legume | (24) Tolerance may be higher. |
Table 4 Plants tolerant of slightly saline sites (ECe 200–400 mS/m)
| Proper name | Common name | Growth habit | Reference/s and comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| jam | small tree | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline). (25) suggests slight to moderate salinity tolerance and low waterlogging tolerance. | |
| Acacia implexa* | hickory wattle | (2) | |
| Acacia iteaphylla* | Flinder's Range wattle | (2). Weed species in Western Australia | |
| Acacia longifolia* | Sydney golden wattle | (2) Weed species in Western Australia | |
| Acacia mearnsii* | late black wattle | (2) Weed species in Western Australia | |
| Acacia melanoxylon* | Tasmanian blackwood | tree | (2) Weed species in Western Australia |
| Avena sativa* | oats | ||
| Brassica napus* | canola (oilseed rape) | (24). Tolerance is toward the top of this category. (25) suggests much higher salt tolerance, with a threshold up to 1100 mS/m. Other references also indicate high salt tolerance, with variation between varieties and hybrids. | |
| Callistemon salignus | willow bottlebrush |
| |
| Casuarina littoralis | river sheoak | (7) | |
| Allocasuarina verticillata* (Syn. Casuarina stricta) | drooping sheoak | (7) | |
| Allocasuarina torulosa* (Syn. Casuarina torulosa) | (7) | ||
| Chloris gayana* | Rhodes grass | (24) | |
| Corymbia citriodora* subsp. variegata | lemon scented gum | tree | |
| Corymbia maculata* | spotted gum | tree | |
| Cynodon dactylon* | couch | perennial grass | (19) |
| Eucalyptus aggregata* | black gum | ||
| Eucalyptus bicostata* | eurabbie | (2) | |
| Eucalyptus botryoides* | southern mahogany | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline). (25). Moderate waterlogging tolerance | |
| Dundas mahogany | |||
| (14) Field observations indicate slight waterlogging and salt tolerance (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA) | |||
| Eucalyptus camphora* | swamp gum | (2) | |
| mirret, mealy blackbutt | Field observations indicate slight waterlogging and salt tolerance (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA) | ||
| Eucalyptus cinerea* | argyle apple | (2) | |
| Eucalyptus cladocalyx* | sugar gum | ||
| Cleland's blackbutt | (10) Suggests higher tolerance. | ||
| Victoria Desert mallee | |||
| Bald Island marlock | (15) | ||
| Eucalyptus coolabah | (2) This group is being revised. Includes E. microtheca. | ||
| yate | (2). (15) Suggests no tolerance of salt. (37) suggests low level of salt tolerance | ||
| Eucalyptus crenulata* | Victorian silver gum | (2) | |
| soap mallee, coastal mallee | (25). Low waterlogging tolerance | ||
| Eucalyptus elata* | river peppermint | (2) | |
| merrit | (14, 15) Sensitive to waterlogging. These references might have been for E. urna and both are called merrit. | ||
| fuschia mallee | (14) | ||
| Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus* | blue gum | (2). Western Australian experience is that tolerance is lower. (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline). And (22) suggests less than ECe 200 mS/m - measured in commercial field plantings . | |
| Eucalyptus grandis* | rose gum | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline). (22) suggests moderate tolerance. | |
| Eucalyptus griffithsii | Griffith's grey gum | ||
| Eucalyptus horistes syn. E. hypochlamydea subsp. ecdysiastes | Proper identification and taxonomic change make this complicated (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA) | ||
| Eucalyptus leptocalyx | Hopetoun mallee | mallee | WA observation is that this has low salinity tolerance |
| red morrell | (14) | ||
| long-flowered marlock | |||
| goblet mallee | |||
| Eucalyptus myriadena | small-fruited gum | (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). (38) | |
| Eucalyptus ovata* | swamp gum | (2) | |
| small-fruited mallee | |||
| Eucalyptus saligna* | Sydney blue gum | ||
| salmon gum | (9) Suggests moderate tolerance. (14). (9) found tolerance to <1000 mS/m. | ||
| Eucalyptus sideroxylon* | red ironbark | (2). (5) suggests EM38 of less than 50 mS/m (non-saline). (17) suggests moderate tolerance. Needs well drained site. | |
| coral gum | |||
| Eucalyptus tricarpa* | three fruited red ironbark | (2) | |
| Eucalyptus viminalis* | manna gum | (2) | |
| Eucalyptus xanthonema | yellow-flowered mallee, Needilup mallee | mallee | (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA) |
| yorrell | (38) Grows in saline fine textured loams and clays on valley floors | ||
| Hordeum vulgare* |
| ||
| Lupinus angustifolium* | narrow-leaf lupin | (24). Tolerance is toward the bottom of this range. Sensitive to waterlogging. | |
| Medicago polymorpha subsp. brevispina* | burr medic | annual legume | (24) |
| Medicago sativa* | lucerne (alfalfa) | perennial legume | |
| Melaleuca acuminata | mallee honey myrtle, broombush | shrub | (11). Common on low lying flats which are subject to waterlogging and salinity |
| Melaleuca adenostyla | shrub | FloraBase – Saline floodways & depressions. Moderate waterlogging and salt tolerance from field observations (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA) | |
| mindiyed, western honey myrtle | (5) suggests EM38 of 50–100 mS/m (slightly saline). (25) suggests moderate waterlogging tolerance. | ||
| moonah | (5) suggests EM38 of 50–100 mS/m (slightly saline). | ||
| Melaleuca strobophylla | Moderate salt and high waterlogging tolerance (Personal Communication. Peter White, Conservation and Land Management, Narrogin WA). | ||
| Cenchrus clandestinus* syn. Pennisetum clandestinum | kikuyu | perennial grass | (24) Tolerance affected by waterlogging |
| Phalaris aquatica* | phalaris | ||
| Pinus brutia* | Calabrian pine | (2) | |
| pepper tree | (13) | ||
| Trifolium alexandrinum* | Berseem clover | (24) | |
| Trifolium fragiferum | strawberry clover | annual legume | (19, 23) High waterlogging tolerance. Best on summer moisture. |
| Trifolium repens* | white clover | ||
| Triticum aestivum* | wheat | annual grass | |
| Vicia faba* | faba beans | (22). Moderate to good waterlogging tolerance. |
Table 5 Plants tolerant of non-saline sites (ECe < 200 mS/m)
| Proper name | Common name | Growth habit | Reference/s and comments. |
|---|---|---|---|
| manna wattle | shrub or small tree | (5) EM38 of less than 50 mS/m. | |
| WA peppermint, weeping peppermint | tree | (5) EM38 of less than 50 mS/m. | |
| Chamaecytisus proliferus* | tagasaste | shrub | (24). Very sensitive to waterlogging. |
| Cicer arietinum* | chickpeas | (24). Sensitive to salinity. Sensitive to waterlogging. | |
| Dactylis glomerata* | cocksfoot | (24) | |
| powderbark wandoo | (5) EM38 of less than 50 mS/m. | ||
| Eucalyptus polyanthemos* | red box | (5) EM38 of less than 50 mS/m. | |
| pretty yate | (5) EM38 of less than 50 mS/m. | ||
| Medicago littoralis* | strand medic | (24) | |
| Medicago murex* | murex medic | (24) | |
| Medicago truncatula* | barrel medic | ||
| Ornithopus compressus* | yellow serradella | (24) | |
| Pisum sativum* | field peas | ||
| Trifolium hirtum* | rose clover | (24) | |
| Trifolium subteranneum* | subterranean clover | (24) |
References
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