Summary
| Occurrence | Swan Coastal Plain (4%) |
|---|---|
| Soil Groups of Western Australia (WA) | 401 Alkaline Grey Deep Sandy Duplex 403 Grey Deep Sandy Duplex 407 Yellow /Brown Deep Sandy Duplex 409 Reticulite Deep Sandy Duplex |
| Also known as | Sandy duplex |
| Australian soil classifications | 401, 403, 407 - Calcic Grey, Grey, Yellow or Brown Sodosol, Grey, Yellow or Brown Chromosol 409 - Reticulate Kandosol, Reticulate Chromosol, Tenosol |
Distinguishing features
Topsoil
- Pale brown, yellow or white acidic to neutral sands between depths of 30–80 cm.
- Gravel (<20%) can be present usually at the base of the topsoil (sand) layer.
Subsoil
- Bleached sand layer commonly occurs above clay layer.
- Abrupt boundary between sand and clay layers or mottled reticulite.
- Clays often sodic, mottled and appear as polyhedral columns.
- Clay pH mildly acidic to neutral (403, 407, 409) through to alkaline (401).
Constraints
The following data has been derived from actual site samples taken. These results are recorded in this Excel spreadsheet.
| Rating | Implications |
|---|---|
| Not applicable (n/a) | No constraints identified |
| Minor | Minor constraint - reduces crop yields in some years |
| Major | Major constraint - reduces crop yields in most years |
| Severe | Severe constraint - will always reduce crop yields |
| Soil Groups of WA | 401 Alkaline grey deep sandy duplex* | 401 Alkaline grey deep sandy duplex* | 401 Alkaline grey deep sandy duplex* | 403 Grey deep sandy duplex* | 403 Grey deep sandy duplex* | 403 Grey deep sandy duplex* | |
| Constraints | Topsoil (0-10cm) | Subsurface (10cm - clay) | Subsoil (clay) | Topsoil (0-10cm) | Subsurface (10cm - clay) | Subsoil (clay) | |
| Acidity and aluminium toxicity | n/a | n/a | n/a | Major | Major | n/a | |
| Salinity | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Minor | |
| Sodicity and alkalinity | n/a | n/a | Minor | n/a | n/a | Minor | |
| Boron toxicity | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Poor nutrient retention | Major | Major | Minor | Major | Major | Minor | |
| Aggregate stability | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Minor | |
| Compaction and hard layers | n/a | Minor | Major | n/a | Minor | Major | |
| Hard setting and crusting | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Water repellence | Major | n/a | n/a | Major | n/a | n/a | |
| Low plant available water | Major | Major | n/a | Major | Major | n/a | |
| Water-logging | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Wind erosion | Major | n/a | n/a | Major | n/a | n/a | |
| Water erosion | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
*Note - Data derived from site identifications (ID's).
- Soil Group of WA - 401 Alkaline grey deep sandy duplex site ID includes: NCP 0876.
- Soil Group of WA - 403 Grey deep sandy duplex site ID includes: SWL 0002, GWRDC MR_D_KD, BMA 0352, BMA 0354, SWL 0081, CHT 1111.
Further information
McArthur, WM (2004) Reference Soils of South-western Australia (Reprint). Department of Agriculture, Western Australia.
McArthur, WM and Bettenay, E (1960) The Development and Distribution of the Soils of the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia. Publication No.16. CSIRO, Melbourne, Vic.
Moore, G (2004) Soil Guide: A Handbook for Understanding and Managing Agricultural Soils. Bulletin 4343. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia.
Schoknecht, N and Pathan, S (2013) Soil Groups of Western Australia. Resource Management Technical Report 380. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia.
Smolinski, HJ and Scholz, G (1997) Soils of the West Gingin Area. Land Resources Series No. 15. Agriculture Western Australia.
Tille, PJ and Lantzke, NC (1990) Busselton Margaret River Augusta Land Capability Study. Land Resources Series No. 5. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia.
Wells, MR (1989) Land Capability Study of the Shires of Mandurah and Murray. Land Resources Series No. 2. Western Australian Department of Agriculture.